On June 13, 2023, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) issued its decision in Atlanta Opera, overruling the Trump-era SuperShuttle DFW, Inc. standard and reverting back to the Obama-era FedEx Home Delivery (FedEx II) standard. Such a shift makes it more difficult for employers to prove workers are independent contractors, thereby giving National Labor Relations Act protections to a broader range of workers and making it easier for workers to organize a union.

Essentially, under this precedent-shifting decision, the NLRB will no longer use workers’ entrepreneurship as the “animating principle” of its multifactor worker status test and will instead use this principle as one of the factors analyzed in addition to the common-law factors.

The common-law independent contractor test utilizes a non-exhaustive list of factors, with the primary factor being the extent of control the employer has over its workers. Analysis of the common law factors differentiates workers who are under the company’s control and independent contractors who tend to have more entrepreneurial freedom. Both the FedEx II and SuperShuttle standards use the non-exhaustive list of common-law factors to determine whether a worker is properly classified as an independent contractor; however, the standards differ in their treatment of “entrepreneurial opportunity.”

In FedEx II (2014), the Board held that independent contractor considerations must be guided by the non-exhaustive common-law factors and “all incidents of the [employee and employer relationship] must be assessed and weighed with no one factor being decisive.”In addition to the common-law factors, the Board was clear that it would consider actual rather than theoretical entrepreneurial opportunity by examining whether putative contractors are actually rendering services as part of an independent business. The Board in Supershuttle (2019)disagreed and held that entrepreneurial opportunity should be the “animating principle” used to evaluate each factor.

In finding the Atlanta Opera makeup artists, hairstylists, and wig stylists to be employees covered by and entitled to protections under the Act—and not independent contractors—the Board returns to the 2014 FedEx II standard by which the Board assesses the common law factors with no one single factor being decisive. The Board expressly rejected SuperShuttle’s holding that entrepreneurial opportunity should be an “animating principle” in the independent-contractor test. In Atlanta Opera, the Board reiterated that entrepreneurial opportunity should be evaluated by assessing whether the putative independent contractor is actually performing services as an independent business.

Because of exposure to claims of employee misclassification and unionization, employers should closely evaluate worker classification, making any necessary adjustments to ensure compliance with the FedEx II standard.

If you would like assistance analyzing worker classification or determining whether your organization is vulnerable to unionization, please reach out to Trecia Moore, Quinn Stigers, or your Husch Blackwell labor and employment attorney.

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Photo of Trecia Moore Trecia Moore

With 14 years at the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), Trecia advises clients on traditional labor and other employment matters. She thrives on connecting with clients and offering practical guidance, helping employers make not only legal choices, but the most practical choices for

With 14 years at the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), Trecia advises clients on traditional labor and other employment matters. She thrives on connecting with clients and offering practical guidance, helping employers make not only legal choices, but the most practical choices for their businesses and employees. Much of her practice is devoted to assisting clients in the management of traditional labor relations matters, and she has significant experience with large scale union organizing campaigns and collective bargaining agreements.

Photo of Quinn Stigers Quinn Stigers

With a focus on client relationships, Quinn provides counsel on a wide range of labor and employment issues. Quinn focuses her practice on labor and employment matters ranging from day-to-day labor and employment issues to those that occur in the midst of corporate…

With a focus on client relationships, Quinn provides counsel on a wide range of labor and employment issues. Quinn focuses her practice on labor and employment matters ranging from day-to-day labor and employment issues to those that occur in the midst of corporate transactions. She also works with clients to provide preventative counsel and assists with policy and handbook drafting. Quinn places a high priority on client relationships and works to develop a strong connection by listening carefully to client needs and goals.